Intro
I have written a utility called kvmctl to manage KVM-based VMs, along with a configuration file format, and other associated utilities. Feel free to use it, or to expand on it. While not strictly required by the license, I would appreciate knowing if you use it, and would appreciate being credited if you expand upon it.
A couple of assumptions are made for this work:
- all the VMs have unique host names.
all the VMs have config files in /etc/kvm that are named <host>.kvm. These are shell script fragments that initialise variabless related to the VM.
- all the VMs are given unique numeric identifiers between 00 and 99. This is used for the VNC port number and the last 2 digits of the virtual MAC address.
- there is a single bridge configured for all VMs to use, and all VMs will use bridged networking
I don't proclaim to be a great shell programmer, so there are undoubtedly better ways to do a lot of things in this script. However, this works well enough for us, covers all the things we need to do, and has been running without issues for a couple of weeks now. I have made a bunch of changes to the script, and have released is as 2.0.2. 
Download the tarball here: kvmctl-2.0.2.tbz
There's a simple init.d/ script included that can be used to auto-start VMs when the host system boots. Just symlink config files into /etc/kvm/auto/ and then add the script to whichever runlevel you want. Just be sure to set it to start after networking is up.
Auto-shutdown doesn't work yet, as I haven't found a way to send a "powerdown" event to the guest OS to tell it to initiate a clean shutdown.
Usage
The script can be run as a normal user. It uses sudo internally for the start/stop commands (all the rest are run as the normal user). Currently, all kvm processes are run as root, as this was developed on Debian Lenny which (for whatever reason) decided to include kernel capabilities which prevents non-root users from accessing tun devices.
To see a blurb that describe all the options:
# kvmctl help
kvmctl 2.0.2
Licensed under BSDL Copyright: 2008
kvmctl is a management and control script for KVM-based virtual machines.
Usage: kvmctl start host - start the named VM
kvmctl startvnc host - start the named VM, and then connect to console via VNC
kvmctl stop host - stop the named VM (only use if the guest is hung)
kvmctl restart host - stop and then start the named VM (only use if the guest is hung)
kvmctl vnc host - connect via VNC to the console of the named VM
kvmctl whichvnc host - show which VNC display port is assigned to the named VM
kvmctl killvnc host - kills any running vncviewer processes attached to the named VM
kvmctl edit host - open config file for host using $EDITOR, or create a new config file based on a template
kvmctl status - show the names of all running VMs
kvmctl status kvm - show full details for all running kvm processes
kvmctl status host - show full details for the named kvm process
kvmctl help - show this usage blurb
** Using stop is the same as pulling the power cord on a physical system. Use with caution.
To start a VM named webmail:
# kvmctl start webmail Starting webmail. The VNC port for webmail is :05
To start a VM named webmail, and then immediately attach to the console via VNC:
# kvmctl startvnc webmail Starting webmail. The VNC port for webmail is :05 <vncviewer is started>
To check the status of all running VMs (just outputs the name of the running VMs):
# kvmctl status The following VMs are running: fcsync webmail
To see the process info for all the running VMs:
# kvmctl status kvm The following VMs are running: 3792 /usr/bin/kvm -name fcsync -daemonize -localtime -usb -usbdevice tablet -smp 1 -m 1048 -vnc :02 -pidfile /var/run/kvm/fcsync.pid -net nic,macaddr=00:16:3e:00:00:02,model=rtl8139 -net tap,ifname=tap02 -boot c -drive index=0,media=disk,if=ide,file=/dev/mapper/vol0-fcsync 5123 /usr/bin/kvm -name webmail -daemonize -localtime -usb -usbdevice tablet -smp 2 -m 2048 -vnc :05 -pidfile /var/run/kvm/webmail.pid -net nic,macaddr=00:16:3e:00:00:05,model=e1000 -net tap,ifname=tap05 -boot c -drive index=1,media=disk,if=scsi,file=/dev/mapper/vol0-webmail--storage -drive index=0,media=disk,if=ide,file=/dev/mapper/vol0-webmail
To see the process info for a specific VM:
# kvmctl status webmail VM for host webmail is running with: 5123 /usr/bin/kvm -name webmail -daemonize -localtime -usb -usbdevice tablet -smp 2 -m 2048 -vnc :05 -pidfile /var/run/kvm/webmail.pid -net nic,macaddr=00:16:3e:00:00:05,model=e1000 -net tap,ifname=tap05 -boot c -drive index=1,media=disk,if=scsi,file=/dev/mapper/vol0-webmail--storage -drive index=0,media=disk,if=ide,file=/dev/mapper/vol0-webmail
To "pull the power cord" of a running VM:
# kvmctl stop webmail Attempting to stop VM for webmail VM for webmail has stopped
To "powercycle" a running VM:
# kvmctl restart webmail Attempting to stop VM for webmail VM for webmail has stopped Starting webmail. The VNC port for webmail is :05
To see which VNC port has been assigned to a VM:
# kvmctl whichvnc webmail The VNC port for webmail is :05
To connect to the VNC port of a VM (requires vncviewer installed on the host):
# kvmctl vnc webmail <vncviewer is started>
To create a new config file for a VM:
# kvmctl edit newvm /etc/kvm/test.kvm does not exist. Would you like to create one from the template? (y/n) <if yes, $EDITOR is opened with the template loaded>
To edit an existing config file:
# kvmctl edit webmail <$EDITOR is opened with /etc/kvm/webmail.kvm loaded.>
kvmctl 2.0 config file format
# kvmctl Version: 2.0.0
# The name of the VM must be unique across all VMs running on this server
host="webmail"
# An ID number for the VM.
# This is used to generate the MAC address of the virtual NIC, the tap device in the host, and
# the VNC port for the VM's console.
id="12"
# How much RAM to associate with the VM.
# This is the max amount of RAM that it will use.
mem="2048"
# Whether to enable ACPI support in the virtual BIOS
# Default is to enable ACPI
# noacpi cannot be set if cpus > 1.
noacpi=""
# The number of virtual CPUs to assign to the VM.
# Stable values are 1-4.
# cpus must be set to 1 if noacpi is set.
cpus="2"
# Which mouse device to use
# Values: mouse, tablet
# Default: tablet
mouse="tablet"
# The network chipset to use in the VM.
# Values: rtl1389, e1000
# Default: rtl8139
nic="e1000"
# Which virtual block device to boot from
# Values: a=floppy0, b=floppy1, c=disk0, d=disk1
# Default: c
boot="c"
# If the VM is set to boot from "d" and "d" is a CD-ROM, an extra '-no-reboot'
# option is added to the kvm commandline. This will cause the VM to treat a
# "reboot" command as if it were a "shutdown" command.
# Values for disktype: ide, scsi, virtio
# Default for disktype: ide
# If the value for disktyp0 is scsi or virtio, an extra ',boot=on' option will
# be added to the kvm commandline. This is needed in order to boot from SCSI
# and paravirtualised block devices.
# Values for media: disk, cdrom
# Default for disktype: disk
# Values for disk: a path to either a disk image file, or an LVM logical volume
# Default for disk: /dev/mapper/vol0-${host}
# The first virtual block device
# For IDE devices, this is primary master.
disktype0="ide"
media0="disk"
disk0="/dev/mapper/vol0-webmail"
# The second virtual block device
# For IDE devices, this is primary slave.
disktype1=""
media1=""
disk1=""
# The third virtual block device
# For IDE devices, this is secondary master
# USE THIS FOR CD-ROMS OR PERFORMANCE WILL SUFFER GREATLY!!
disktype2="ide"
media2="cdrom"
disk2="/home/iso/debian-40r3-amd64-netinst.iso"
# The fourth virtual block device
# For IDE devices, this is secondary slave
disktype3=""
media3=""
disk3=""
The kvmctl 2.0 Script
#!/bin/sh
#
# Wrapper script to manage KVM virtual machines.
# Licensed using the 2-clause BSD license (below)
#
# Copyright 2008 Freddie Cash
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY FREDDIE CASH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL FREDDIE CASH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
# Commands used in this script, just in case they are located elsewhere on your system
# Alphabetised for convenience
awk="/usr/bin/awk"
basename="/usr/bin/basename"
brctl="/usr/sbin/brctl"
cat="/bin/cat"
cp="/bin/cp"
grep="/bin/grep"
kill="/bin/kill"
kvm="/usr/bin/kvm"
pgrep="/usr/bin/pgrep"
pkill="/usr/bin/pkill"
rm="/bin/rm"
sleep="/bin/sleep"
sudo="/usr/bin/sudo"
vncviewer="/usr/bin/vncviewer"
# Directories used in this script
piddir="/var/run/kvm"
confdir="/etc/kvm"
# The file to use as a template when creating new VM configs
template="template.kvm"
# What to use as the base of the MAC address
# This allows for 32 VMs to run on this host (01 through ff)
# The id number from the config is appended to this
macbase="00:16:3e:00:00"
# Adjust these as needed. These are the min and max amount
# of RAM to assign to a VM, in MB
minmem="128"
maxmem="4096"
# How long to sleep at certain points in the script
sleeptime="3"
##### Unless you want to change the default values in load_defaults() #####
##### NOTHING BELOW THIS LINE SHOULD NEED TO BE MODIFIED #####
# What are we called?
scriptname=$( ${basename} $0 )
scriptversion="2.0.2"
# Functions used in the script
load_defaults()
{
# How much RAM to associate with the VM.
defmem="512"
# The number of virtual CPUs to assign to the VM.
# Stable values are 1-4
defcpus="1"
# Which mouse device to use
# Values: mouse, tablet
defmouse="tablet"
# The network chipset to use in the VM.
# Values: rtl1389, e1000, virtio
defnic="rtl8139"
# Which virtual block device to boot from
# Values: a=floppy0, b=floppy1, c=disk0, d=disk1/disk2
defboot="c"
# Values for disktype: ide, scsi, virtio
defdisktype="ide"
# Values for media: disk, cdrom
defmedia="disk"
# Values for acpi: no, "blank"
# no disables ACPI support in the VM
defacpi=""
}
load_configfile()
{
# Check if the host config file exists, and suck in the contents if it does
if [ -r ${confdir}/${1}.kvm ]; then
. ${confdir}/${1}.kvm
else
echo "Config file for ${1} (${confdir}/${1}.kvm) doesn't exist or is not readable."
exit 1
fi
}
check_host()
{
# Check if a VM host name was given on the commandline
if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
echo "Missing host to work on."
do_usage
exit 1
fi
# Check if the host name given corresponds to a configured VM
if [ ! -e ${confdir}/${1}.kvm ]; then
echo "The host you want to manage (${1}) doesn't have a config file. ${confdir}/${1}.kvm doesn't exist."
do_usage
exit 1
fi
}
do_start()
{
# Check if a virtual host was given on the commandline
# Will exit if none was given
check_host "${1}"
# Load the default values for all the config options
load_defaults "${1}"
# Try to load the config file for the named host
# Will exit if the config file doesn't exist
load_configfile "${1}"
# Check that an ID is set
if [ -z ${id} ]; then
echo "Error! ID number for this host has not been set."
exit 1
fi
# Check that a host name is set
if [ -z ${host} ]; then
echo "Error! Host name not set in the config file."
exit 1
fi
# Check if there is a primary virtual block device in the config
if [ ! -z ${disk0} ]; then
# Check if the primary block device exists in the host.
if [ ! -e ${disk0} ]; then
echo "Error! Primary virtual drive (${disk0}) doesn't exist or isn't readable."
exit 1
else
confdisk0=${disk0}
fi
# Check what kind of media to use for the virtual drive
case "${media0}" in
disk)
confmedia0="disk"
;;
cdrom)
confmedia0="cdrom"
;;
*)
confmedia0=${defmedia}
;;
esac
# Check what kind of interface to use for the virtual drive
case "${disktype0}" in
ide)
confdisktype0="ide"
;;
scsi)
confdisktype0="scsi"
;;
virtio)
confdisktype0="virtio"
;;
*)
confdisktype0=${defdisktype}
;;
esac
# Check whether to use extboot support for the virtual drive
if [ ${confdisktype0} = "scsi" -o ${confdisktype0} = "virtio" ]; then
confextboot=",boot=on"
else
confextboot=""
fi
# Build the drive entry that will be passed to kvm
confdrive0="-drive index=0,media=${confmedia0},if=${confdisktype0}${confextboot},file=${confdisk0}"
else
echo "Error! disk0 not set in config file. Can't boot without a primary hard drive."
exit 1
fi
# Check if there is a second virtual block device in the config
if [ ! -z ${disk1} ]; then
# Check if the primary block device exists in the host.
if [ ! -e ${disk1} ]; then
echo "Error! Second virtual drive (${disk1}) doesn't exist or isn't readable."
exit 1
else
confdisk1=${disk1}
fi
# Check what kind of media to use for the virtual drive
case "${media1}" in
disk)
confmedia1="disk"
;;
cdrom)
confmedia1="cdrom"
;;
*)
confmedia1=${defmedia}
;;
esac
# Check what kind of interface to use for the virtual drive
case "${disktype1}" in
ide)
confdisktype1="ide"
;;
scsi)
confdisktype1="scsi"
;;
virtio)
confdisktype1="virtio"
;;
*)
confdisktype1=${defdisktype}
;;
esac
# Build the drive entry that will be passed to kvm
confdrive1="-drive index=1,media=${confmedia1},if=${confdisktype1},file=${confdisk1}"
fi
# Check if there is a third virtual block device in the config
if [ ! -z ${disk2} ]; then
# Check if the primary block device exists in the host.
if [ ! -e ${disk2} ]; then
echo "Error! Third virtual drive (${disk2}) doesn't exist or isn't readable."
exit 1
else
confdisk2=${disk2}
fi
# Check what kind of media to use for the virtual drive
case "${media2}" in
disk)
confmedia2="disk"
;;
cdrom)
confmedia2="cdrom"
;;
*)
confmedia2=${defmedia}
;;
esac
# Check what kind of interface to use for the virtual drive
case "${disktype2}" in
ide)
confdisktype2="ide"
;;
scsi)
confdisktype2="scsi"
;;
virtio)
confdisktype2="virtio"
;;
*)
confdisktype2=${defdisktype}
;;
esac
# Build the drive entry that will be passed to kvm
confdrive2="-drive index=2,media=${confmedia2},if=${confdisktype2},file=${confdisk2}"
fi
# Check if there is a fourth virtual block device in the config
if [ ! -z ${disk3} ]; then
# Check if the primary block device exists in the host.
if [ ! -e ${disk3} ]; then
echo "Error! Fourth virtual drive (${disk3}) doesn't exist or isnt' readable."
exit 1
else
confdisk3=${disk3}
fi
# Check what kind of media to use for the virtual drive
case "${media3}" in
disk)
confmedia3="disk"
;;
cdrom)
confmedia3="cdrom"
;;
*)
confmedia3=${defmedia}
;;
esac
# Check what kind of interface to use for the virtual drive
case "${disktype3}" in
ide)
confdisktype3="ide"
;;
scsi)
confdisktype3="scsi"
;;
virtio)
confdisktype3="virtio"
;;
*)
confdisktype3=${defdisktype}
;;
esac
# Build the drive entry that will be passed to kvm
confdrive3="-drive index=3,media=${confmedia3},if=${confdisktype3},file=${confdisk3}"
fi
# Check which device to boot from
if [ ! -z ${boot} ]; then
case "${boot}" in
a)
confboot="a"
;;
b)
confboot="b"
;;
c)
confboot="c"
;;
d)
confboot="d"
;;
*)
confboot=${defboot}
;;
esac
fi
# If booting off a CD-ROM, make "reboot" command act like "poweroff" command
if [ ! -z ${confmedia2} ]; then
if [ ${confboot} = "d" -a ${confmedia2} = "cdrom" ]; then
confreboot="-no-reboot"
else
confreboot=""
fi
fi
# Check which virtual NIC chipset to use
case "${nic}" in
rtl8139)
confnic="rtl8139"
;;
e1000)
confnic="e1000"
;;
virtio)
confnic="virtio"
;;
*)
confnic=${defnic}
;;
esac
# Check which virtual mouse chipset to use
case "${mouse}" in
mouse)
confmouse="mouse"
;;
tablet)
confmouse="tablet"
;;
*)
confmouse=${defmouse}
;;
esac
# Check whether to disable ACPI
case "${acpi}" in
no)
confacpi="-no-acpi"
;;
*)
confacpi=${defacpi}
;;
esac
# Check number of virtual CPUs to use
case "${cpus}" in
1)
confcpus="1"
;;
2)
confcpus="2"
confacpi=${defacpi}
;;
3)
confcpus="3"
confacpi=${defacpi}
;;
4)
confcpus="4"
confacpi=${defacpi}
;;
*)
confcpus=${defcpus}
confacpi=${defacpi}
;;
esac
# Check the amount of RAM to assign to the VM
if [ ${mem} -lt ${minmem} -o ${mem} -gt ${maxmem} ]; then
echo "Virtual RAM is not between ${minmem} and ${maxmem}. Setting virtual RAM to ${defmem}."
confmem=${defmem}
else
confmem=${mem}
fi
# Start the VM
echo "Attempting to start VM for ${1} ..."
${kvm} \
-name ${host} \
-smp ${confcpus} \
-m ${confmem} \
-vnc :${id} \
-daemonize \
-localtime \
-usb \
-usbdevice ${confmouse} \
-net nic,macaddr=${macbase}:${id},model=${confnic} \
-net tap,ifname=tap${id} \
-pidfile ${piddir}/${host}.pid \
-boot ${confboot} \
${confacpi} \
${confreboot} \
${confdrive0} \
${confdrive1} \
${confdrive2} \
${confdrive3}
echo "VM for ${1} has started."
# Show the VNC port assigned to the VM.
do_whichvnc "${1}"
}
do_stop()
{
# Check if a virtual host was given on the commandline
# Will exit if none was given
check_host "${1}"
echo "Attempting to stop VM for ${1} ..."
if [ -r ${piddir}/${1}.pid ]; then
${kill} -TERM $( ${cat} ${piddir}/${1}.pid )
${sleep} ${sleeptime}
if [ -d /proc/$( ${cat} ${piddir}/${1}.pid ) ]; then
echo "Something is wrong ... couldn't stop the VM."
do_forcekill "${1}"
fi
${rm} ${piddir}/${1}.pid
else
echo "PID file missing or not readable."
do_forcekill "${1}"
fi
echo "VM for ${1} has stopped."
}
do_forcekill()
{
echo -n "Do you want to forcibly kill the KVM process for ${1}? (y/n) "
read yesno
case "${yesno}" in
[yY]*)
${pkill} -f -- "-name ${1}"
;;
*)
echo "Not stopping the VM for ${1}."
exit 0
;;
esac
}
do_status()
{
if [ -z ${1} ]; then
# Called with blank argument, show just the names of the running VMs
echo "The following VMs are running:"
${pgrep} -lf kvm | ${grep} -v ${scriptname} | ${awk} '{ print $4 }'
elif [ ${1} = "kvm" ]; then
# Called with "kvm" argument, show full details of all kvm processes
echo "The following VMs are running:"
${pgrep} -lf kvm | ${grep} -v ${scriptname}
elif [ -e ${confdir}/${1}.kvm ]; then
# Called with a VM host name, show details for just that kvm process
${pgrep} -lf -- "-name ${1}" | ${grep} -v ${scriptname}
else
echo "Don't understand the command."
do_usage
exit 1
fi
}
do_usage()
{
${cat} <<-end-of-help
${scriptname} ${scriptversion}
Licensed under BSDL Copyright: 2008
${scriptname} is a management and control script for KVM-based virtual machines.
Usage: ${scriptname} start host - start the named VM
${scriptname} startvnc host - start the named VM, and then connect to console via VNC
${scriptname} stop host - stop the named VM (only use if the guest is hung)
${scriptname} restart host - stop and then start the named VM (only use if the guest is hung)
${scriptname} vnc host - connect via VNC to the console of the named VM
${scriptname} whichvnc host - show which VNC display port is assigned to the named VM
${scriptname} killvnc host - kills any running vncviewer processes attached to the named VM
${scriptname} edit host - open config file for host using \$EDITOR, or create a new config file based on a template
${scriptname} status - show the names of all running VMs
${scriptname} status kvm - show full details for all running kvm processes
${scriptname} status host - show full details for the named kvm process
${scriptname} help - show this usage blurb
** Using stop is the same as pulling the power cord on a physical system. Use with caution.
end-of-help
}
do_whichvnc()
{
# Check if a virtual host was given on the commandline
# Will exit if none was given
check_host ${1}
echo -n "The VNC port for ${1} is "
${pgrep} -lf -- "-name ${1}" | ${grep} -v ${scriptname} | ${awk} '{ print $10 }'
echo ""
}
do_vnc()
{
if [ ${UID} -eq 0 ];then
echo -n "Do you really want to run vncviewer as root? (y/n) "
read yesno
case "${yesno}" in
[yY]*)
break
;;
*)
exit 1
;;
esac
fi
${vncviewer} localhost$( ${pgrep} -lf -- "-name ${1}" | ${grep} -v ${scriptname} | ${awk} '{ print $10 }' ) > /dev/null 2>&1 &
}
do_killvnc()
{
# Check if a virtual host was given on the commandline
# Will exit if none was given
check_host ${1}
# Get the VNC port used by the VM
vncport=$( ${pgrep} -lf -- "-name ${1}" | ${grep} -v ${scriptname} | ${awk} '{ print $10 }' )
echo -n "Do you really want to kill the vncviewer for ${1}? (y/n) "
read yesno
case "${yesno}" in
[yY]*)
# Kill the associated vncviewer process
${pkill} -f -- "localhost${vncport}"
echo "vncviewer process for ${1} has been terminated."
;;
*)
exit 0
;;
esac
}
check_uid()
{
# If not being run as root, try to use sudo for start/stop
if [ ${UID} -ne 0 ]; then
cat="${sudo} ${cat}"
kvm="${sudo} ${kvm}"
kill="${sudo} ${kill}"
pkill="${sudo} ${pkill}"
rm="${sudo} ${rm}"
fi
}
do_edit()
{
# If the config file exists, and is writable by the user, then load it using $EDITOR
if [ -e ${confdir}/${1}.kvm ]; then
if [ -w ${confdir}/${1}.kvm ]; then
${EDITOR} ${confdir}/${1}.kvm
else
echo "You don't have write permission for ${confdir}/${1}.kvm"
exit 1
fi
else
echo -n "${confdir}/${1}.kvm does not exist. Would you like to create one from the template? (y/n) "
read yesno
case "${yesno}" in
[yY]*)
if [ -r ${confdir}/${template} ]; then
if [ -w ${confdir} ]; then
${cp} ${confdir}/${template} ${confdir}/${1}.kvm
${EDITOR} ${confdir}/${1}.kvm
else
echo "You don't have write permission for ${confdir}"
exit 1
fi
else
echo "The template config file (${confdir}/${template}) doesn't exist or isn't readable."
exit 1
fi
;;
*)
echo "As you wish."
;;
esac
fi
}
# Main script
case "${1}" in
start)
check_uid
do_start "${2}"
;;
startvnc)
check_uid
do_start "${2}"
do_vnc "${2}"
;;
stop)
check_uid
do_stop "${2}"
;;
restart)
check_uid
do_stop "${2}"
${sleep} ${sleeptime}
do_start "${2}"
;;
status)
do_status "${2}"
;;
vnc)
do_vnc "${2}"
;;
whichvnc)
do_whichvnc "${2}"
;;
killvnc)
do_killvnc "${2}"
;;
edit)
do_edit "${2}"
;;
help)
do_usage
;;
*)
do_usage
;;
esac